Previous Years
The 2015 Human Rights Summer School of the University of Palermo was held from 15 to 20 June 2015 on the topic:
Human Rights and Security: Justifying Exceptions
The Summer Course on Human Rights and Security: Justifying Exceptions was organized by the University of Palermo as part of the PhD Program on Human Rights, together with the renowned teaching and research network in Philosophy of Law, the European Academy of Legal Theory in Bruxelles, and in collaboration with the Ecole Doctorale de Sciences Juridiques et Politiques of the University of Paris-Nanterre.
For further information please consult the Course Info Sheets.
The 2014 EALT summer course under the direction of Prof. Nicola Gullo at the University of Palermo will be held from June 10-17 on the topic:
Human Rights, the Environment and Economic Development
Since the mid-twentieth century environmental concerns have gained centrality in national and international law and policy. As the detrimental impact of human action on the Earth increased, consciousness of the need to halt it increased as well and, though slowly and with many shortfalls, States have adopted national laws and signed international treaties aimed at the protection of the environment. The protection of endangered species, the conservation of non-renewable resources, the reduction of pollution, are some of the actions that are trying to influence economic development policies in the attempt to turn it into sustainable development policies.
However, only at the beginning of the 1990s the inextricable link existing between the protection of the environment and human rights has gained understanding. Dignity, freedom and equality, the core of the current debate on human rights, cannot be fully uphold in a world whose nature is depleted. Economic development cannot act as an instrument to improve human-wellbeing unless it bends to policies that respect the environment and defend the needs of both present and future generations. At the same time, the promotion of human rights, as the right to information and to politic participation, and the right to access to traditional natural resources, is essential for an effective protection of the environment, because it makes politicians accountable for it, it makes it valuable for economic actors, and it allows peoples and citizens to act as conservationists.
In order to nourish the understanding and consciousness of the interactions between environment, human rights and development, the 2014 Summer School proposes a full week of seminars on some of currently most debated issues. The seminars will draw on juridical, historical, philosophical, sociological and practical points of views, with the mentoring of scholars, activists, and experts.
Methodology:
Each morning two seminars will be held. They will explore the same topic from different perspectives and disciplines, aiming at achieving an effective integration of methods and solutions. In order to encourage a proactive participation, in the afternoon the participants will be engaged in a workshop on the topic discussed in the morning, with the support of the suggested and provided bibliography.
Topics:
The seminars will debate about different topics concerning the protection of the environment. In particular, the main topics will be: 1) philosophical and theological roots of environmentalism; 2) the evolution of environmental law; 3) rights to the environment and human rights; 4) animals’ rights 5) environmental risk evaluation; 6) right to environmental participation and localization of public works; 7) reproductive rights and overpopulation control; 8) economic development and environment; 9) criminal law and protection of the environment; 10) foreign examples of environmental protection; 11) the protection of landscape; 12) theology and ecology.
Conditions of Admission:
As established by the Regolamento d’Ateneo of the University of Palermo, the Course is open to students holding a first or second level Master degree, PhD students, PhD, researchers with an interest in the topic and able to orientate themselves in the subject matters of the courses. No more than 30 applications will be accepted, and at least 15 participants will be selected among applicants from other Italian or foreign Universities.
Working languages:
Italian (ita), English (eng), and Spanish (spn).
Enrolment and fees:
For detailed information (programme, speakers, call, registration, housing and fees) see the download-box on the right. See also:
http://portale.unipa.it/dipartimenti/dipartimentoscienzegiuridichedellasocietaed
Inscription fees amount to 250 €. The deadline for inscription is on 23 May 2014.
Housing and meals:
Participants not residing in Palermo can be hosted in the rooms of the ERSU Palermo – Ente Regionale per il Diritto allo Studio Universitario, with very cheap rates. All participants will have access to University canteens (with very cheap rates). For more informations contact the Course Secretary.
Contact:
Summer Course Secretary:
Mr Rosario Castiglione
Email: rosario.castiglione@unipa.it
Tel: +39 091/23892215
The 2013 EALT summer course under the direction of Prof. Bruno Celano at the University of Palermo was held from June 3-8 on the topic:
Human Rights in Practice: between Norms, Facts and Rhetoric
The practice of rights, their existence and function in the social, political and legal life, has a fragmented and not uniform dimension. Rights exist as abstract (theories of rights) and as positive constructions (declarations of rights, institutions and policies aimed at implementing them); rights exist as conversational practices of political, institutional and legal argumentation; rights have a role in the motivational status of stakeholders, some of which meaning to give them realization, others using them to reach their own goals; and rights exist in real social, legal and political circumstances, where in different degrees they are protected or, indeed, betrayed and violated.
Knowing the practice of rights means to be conscious of their different levels of existence, of their interrelations and of the sometimes enormous gap exiting between facts on one side, and their normative representations, rhetoric, and ideologies on the other. Aiming at enriching this knowledge, the Summer Course proposes a group of seminars that, putting together theoretical, historical and sociological perspectives, analyses some of the core questions about the relationship between rights and social practice (nature and relevance of the international practice of human rights; human rights and legal pluralism; human rights and political discourse), and explores some hot issues (right to food; equality and criminal trial; prisoners’ rights; publicity, secrecy and the Rule of Law) related to normative, factual and rhetorical dimensions of rights.
Methodology:
Each morning two seminars will be held. They will explore the same topic from different perspectives and disciplines, aiming at achieving an effective integration of methods and solutions. In order to encourage a proactive participation, in the afternoon the participants will be engaged in a workshop on the topic discussed in the morning, with the support of the suggested and provided bibliography.
Topics:
1) Nature and relevance of “practice” in international law, with focus on human rights; 2) The rhetoric of human rights; 3) Legal pluralism and practice of human rights; 4) Prisoners’ rights; 5) Publicity, secrecy and the Rule of Law; 6) Right to food and food policies; 7) Equality and criminal trial.
Conditions of Admission:
The Course is open to students holding a first or second level Master degree, PhD students, PhD, Researchers with an interest in legal theory and able to orientate themselves in the subject matters of the courses. No more than 30 applications will be accepted.
Working languages:
English and Italian.
Enrolment and fees:
For detailed information (programme, speakers, call, registration, housing and fees) see the download-box on the right. See also:
Inscription fees amount to 250 €. The deadline for inscription is on May 31st.
Housing and meals:
Participants not residing in Palermo can be hosted in the rooms of the ERSU Palermo – Ente Regionale per il Diritto allo Studio Universitario, with very cheap rates. All participants will have access to University canteens (with very cheap rates). For more informations contact the Course Secretary.
Contact:
Summer Course Secretary:
Mr Rosario Castiglione
Email: rosario.castiglione@unipa.it
Tel: +39 091/23892215
The 2012 EALT summer course under the direction of Prof. Isabel Trujillo at the University of Palermo was held from June 4-12 on the topic:
Ius migrandi. History, Concept and Limits
The Course is open to students holding a first or second level Master degree, PhD students, PhD, Researchers with an interest in legal theory and able to orientate themselves in the subject matters of the courses. No more than 30 applications will be accepted.
The Summer Course was hosted by the Dipartimento Studi su Politi-ca, Diritto e Società, piazza Bologni 8, 90134 Palermo. Teaching hours were 10.00 a.m. till 1.00 p.m. and 3.00 p.m. till 6.00 p.m. Students will receive the materials sent by lecturers, and they had free access to the Library of the DPDS, as well as to the other libraries of the Law Faculty.
Working languages:
English, French, Italian, Spanish.
Enrolment and fees:
For detailed information (programme, speakers, call, registration) see the download-box on the right. See also:
Inscription fees amount to 250 €. Fees include the costs for the materials and the certificate of attendance, and will entitle to large reductions on the prices of housing and meals. The deadline for inscription is on May 31st.
Housing and meals:
Participants not residing in Palermo can be hosted in the rooms of the ERSU Palermo – Ente Regionale per il Diritto allo Studio Universitario. All participants will have access to University canteens. For more infor-mations contact the Course Secretary.
Contacts:
Director of the Course:
Prof. Isabel Trujillo
Email: isabel.trujillo@unipa.it
Tel: +39 3351881145
Secretary of the Course:
Rosario Castiglione
Email: rosario.castiglione@unipa.it
Tel: +39 09123892215
The 2011 EALT summer course under the direction of Giorgio Pino and Alessandro Spena at the University of Palermo will be held from June 6-11 on the topic:
Diritti, identità e pluralismo - Rights, identity, and pluralism
The Course is open to students holding a first or second level Master degree, PhD students, PhD, Researchers with an interest in legal theory and able to orientate themselves in the subject matters of the courses. No more than 30 applications will be accepted.
The Summer Course will be hosted by the Dipartimento Studi su Politica, Diritto e Società (DPDS), piazza Bologni 8, 90134 Palermo. Teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 1.00 p.m. and 3.00 p.m. till 6.00 p.m. Students will receive the materials sent by lecturers, and they will have free access to the Library of the DPDS, as well as to the other libraries of the School of Law.
For detailed information (programme, speakers, call, registration) see download box on the right.
The Summer Course on DIVERSITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS has been organized by the University of Palermo PhD Program on Human Rights jointly with the European Academy of Legal Theory, the renowned research centre in the field of Philosophy of Law.
The Summer Course will deal with the role played by the concept of “human diversities” in human rights discourse. This has given rise to controversy in contemporary philosophical reflection as well as in social and political theory. In particular, the relationships between “cultural diversity” and “human rights” have increasingly been a crucial theme in human rights law, rising questions on the universality or culturalrelativity of their meaning and protection, or on the required sensitiveness of human rights courts (and committees) to cultural differences. Diversity does not refer only to cultural diversity, but it can also be based on gender, abilities/disabilities, age, sexual orientation, race, religion. Diversities have been traditionally approached through the lenses of the principle of non discrimination. However, many concerns about the
protection of human diversities involve the need that the State acts in order to recognise difference and diversities. The Summer Course aims at offering some tools for the analysis of these issues starting from different perspectives and accounts, and favouring the interaction between legal practice and philosophy.
Lectures will be followed by debates, and working languages will be English, French and Spanish. More information about inscription fees and deadline will be found on the PhD Program website by mid April 2010.
The Course is open to students holding a first or second level Master degree, PhD students, PhD, Researchers with an interest in legal theory and able to orientate themselves in the subject matters of the courses.
Director of the Summer Course
Prof. Aldo Schiavello
Scientific Coordination
Prof. Massimo Starita, Dr. Pietro Denaro
Scientific Committee
Professors. B. Pasciuta, N. Gullo, S. Pajno, I. Trujillo, F. Viola
SUMMER SCHOOL
Legal Interpretation and Human Rights
Interpretazione giuridica e diritti umani
_______________________
Palermo, 1 - 8 June 2009
_______________________
The Summer School on “Legal Interpretation and Human Rights” has been organized by the University of Palermo PhD Program on Human Rights jointly with the Brussels Academy of Legal Theory, the renowned research centre in the field of Philosophy of Law and the Theory of legal interpretation. “Legal Interpretation” and “Human Rights” are the focus of two main areas of interest of contemporary philosophical reflection. Since 70’s Legal interpretation has increasingly been a crucial theme in theories of Law. Indeed, lawyers have realized that interpretative practices are essential for the understanding and practice of Law. This has been possible, in particular, thanks to the increasing amount of Bills of Rights enacted all over the world and the related phenomenon of the constitutionalization of legal orders. This process consists in a radical transformation of what we consider a legal order, such that one cannot give any more an account of what a legal order is, without making appeal to the notion of constitutional norms, at least when constitutional forms of state are taken into consideration: indeed, essential features of a constitutional legal order are a written
constitution containing a bill of rights and some kind of instruments for judging the legitimacy of norms in the light of constitutional norms. However, these features are necessary but not sufficient for judging that a legal order is a constitutional legal order. We further need to check that there is a legally binding constitution, constitutional overinterpretation, constitutional norms directly applied by judges, interpretation of legal norms in conformity with constitutional norms, and that constitutions somehow influence political equilibriums. This explains the significance of the connection between he subject of legal interpretation and human rights.
The Summer School aims at offering some tools for the analysis of the subject of “Legal interpretation and Human Rights”, on the basis of different perspectives and accounts, and favouring the interaction between legal practice and philosophy. What Bobbio named “Age of Rights” will be the main background for understanding how legal culture has understood and changed interpretative practices.
Lectures will be followed by debates. Lecturers are professors from Italian or foreign Universities. The Summer School will be hosted by the Dipartimento Studi su Politica, Diritto e Società (DPDS), piazza Bologni 8, 90134 Palermo.
Teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 1.00 p.m. and 3.30 p.m. till 6.30 p.m. Students will receive the materials sent by lecturers, and they will have free access to the Library of the DPDS, as well as to the other libraries of the Law Faculty.
Working languages will be: English, French, Italian, Spanish.
The 2015 Human Rights Summer School of the University of Palermo was held from 15 to 20 June 2015 on the topic:
Human Rights and Security: Justifying Exceptions
The Summer Course on Human Rights and Security: Justifying Exceptions was organized by the University of Palermo as part of the PhD Program on Human Rights, together with the renowned teaching and research network in Philosophy of Law, the European Academy of Legal Theory in Bruxelles, and in collaboration with the Ecole Doctorale de Sciences Juridiques et Politiques of the University of Paris-Nanterre.
For further information please consult the Course Info Sheets.
Brussels
Since 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory has organised a summer course in legal theory. It lasts for three weeks from the end of August until mid-September. Its aim is to present the main schools and arguments in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lack any substantial background in legal theory. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
PROGRAMME
1. Lectures on various topics (2,5 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the lectures on specific topics are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30 noon (including time for questions and discussion), on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, during the three weeks and 2.30 p.m. till 5.00 p.m. on the afternoons during the first week.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Yves CARTUYVELS: Les droits de l'Homme, frein ou facteur de criminalisation ? (29.8 - 14.30)
Les droits de l'homme ont été conçus à la fin du XVIIIe siècle dans une perspective "garantiste" destinée à servir de "bouclier" pour le justiciable dans sa confrontation à la justice pénale étatique. Selon certains, le code pénal pouvait même à certains égards se lire comme "l'envers de la déclaration des droits de l'homme". Aujourd'hui, dans un contexte marqué par le retour de la victime, la fonction des droits de l'homme pourrait bien changer de nature : associée à la fonction "épée" du droit pénal, elle pourrait favoriser une extension de la criminalisation et un durcissement de la pénalité. On s'interrogera sur cette mutation de l'instrumentalisation des droits de l'homme qui pousse à une "criminalisation du monde".
Erik CLAES: Punishment, Human Dignity and the Criminal Law (31.8 – 10.00)
This lecture starts from an analysis of the penal apparatus seen as a complex social phenomenon serving a multiplicity of societal functions. These penal functions, however, are in permanent tension with the basic value of (respect for) human dignity, which brings us to one of the main issues of Criminal Law Theory: to what extent does the Criminal Law possess enough conceptual and normative resources (by means of its principles, concepts) to overcome the aforementioned tension between penal functions, on the one hand, and the value of human dignity on the other ?
Bart DU LAING: Evolutionary Analysis in Law: Towards a New Kind of 'Natural Law'? (16.9 – 10.00)
Law aims at regulating and influencing human behavior. Legal scholarship thus studies in essence human behavior, hence the importance of incorporating evolutionary behavioral models – which provide ultimate explanations for the studied behavior – in theoretical legal analysis. The lecture will provide an overview of the different evolutionary approaches to human behavior and of the ways in which these approaches can be and have been put to use in social sciences as the law.
Christophe EBERHARD: Towards an intercultural Legal Theory - Perspectives from the Anthropology of Law (2.9 - 10.00)(cette conférence peut aussi se donner en français)
Contemporary debates about globalisation, governance and human rights make it more and more clear that the Western concept of Law has to take up the challenges of interculturalism. This is true on the one hand in the field of action. Negating cultural diversity has proved to hinder a successful transfer of Western legal institutions towards the rest of the world - taking into acount non-Western theories and practices thus appears increasingly paramount. The challenge of interculturalism also becomes more and more obvious in the field of theoretical research on law, as the Western character of the current paradigms appears more and more clearly. Anthropology of Law, one of whose aims it is to give a definition of "Law" through a comparison of our diverse cultural experiences can open useful paths to rethink our concept and praxis of Law.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism (8.9 - 10.00)
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analysed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Co-regulation: a New Legal Model for Global Governance?(13.9 – 10.00) (cette conférence peut se donner en anglais ou en français)
Cette conférence présentera les modèles de régulation juridique de l'internet. On prendra pour base de réflexion la régulation des discours de haine dans un contexte marqué par l'opposition des régimes juridiques européen et américain.
Jean-Pierre KILENDA: Etat de droit et normes pénales: entre dogmatisme et pragmatisme (30.8 – 14.30)
Dégagés notamment par L. Fuller et rappelés par F. Ost, certains principes qui forment la substance de l’Etat de droit sont aujourd’hui mis à mal par un certain pragmatisme pénal lors du processus législatif répressif. Ici, la réflexion porte sur le point de savoir si ce pragmatisme est rationnel. Oeuvre-t-il pour la consolidation de l’Etat de droit ou, au contraire, le compromet-il au nom d’autres raisons inavouées ? L’homéostasie des règles de droit n’est-elle pas finalement régressive ? La violation justifiée, calculée, mathématiquement exacte et dosée desdits principes ne comble-t-elle pas en réalité un déficit de légalité mortifère à l’Etat de droit ?
Tels sont les questionnements qui requièrent une réponse à partir de l’analyse de quelques législations pénales modernes gagnées par le courant pragmatique dans la phase de la criminalisation primaire.
Christophe MINCKE: La médiation pénale: résoudre les conflits pénaux sans recours à l'autorité (30.8 – 10.00)
Les procédures de médiation bénéficient d'un engouement sans précédent dans tous les domaines du droit. Le droit pénal n'y échappe pas. On peut cependant s'interroger sur la signification de l'introduction en cette matière d'un mode de résolution des conflits qui fait largement l'économie de la référence à la loi. Assistons-nous à la naissance de modes non autoritaires de résolution des conflits pénaux? La question de la légitimité démocratique de l'intervention répressive se pose-t-elle dans le cas de la médiation pénale? Dans l'affirmative, qu'est-il fait pour la rencontrer?
Paolisa NEBBIA: Tradition and interpretation in law (6.9 – 10.00)
In investigating the nature of law, Krygier (1986) notes that any change - even a radical one- in legislation enters a continuing tradition which probably affected the way in which it was drafted and certainly will affect the ways in which it is read and applied. The lecture seeks to give an example, drawn from contract law, of the inescapability of tradition in drafting and interpreting law. More specifically, the lecture will examine how tradition has affected the implementation and the interpretation of EC Directive 93/13 in two countries where dramatic divergence in legal thinking, values, method, and in the perception of the role of judges in the society entailed, before the Directive, two substantially different forms of unfair terms control.
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats (1.9 – 10.00)
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie (1.9 – 14.30)
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Droits individuels dans le contexte de mondialisation (15.9 – 10.00)
Les mutations du droit au cours du 20ième siècle nécessitent une réconceptualisation des droits individuels. Les paradigmes postmodernes (pragmatisme, décentrement du sujet, pluralisme des rationalités, polycentricité, complexité) ont fortement relativisé les positions initiales et les présupposés philosophique d'une tradition libérale, individualiste. La mondialisation, avec ses paradigmes de 'droit flou', de pluralisme juridique, de modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits, e.a., a comme corollaire nécessaire la société civile (nouveaux acteurs sociaux, gouvernance publique avec des droits individuels à la participation dans l'exercice du pouvoir à différents niveaux)
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration (5.9 – 10.00)
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Luc WINTGENS: Law and religion. From foundation to interaction (9.9 – 10.00)
This seminar focuses on the idea that law is said to be originating in morality and religion, c.q. a religious morality. Secularisation of law and morality includes that the theological foundations are cut of. The vocabulary, however, of religion, is kept intact and serves in our current thought-patterns as points of reference to a reality that is not believed in any more. Despite this loss of faith, the vocabulary of canon law and theology is kept alive in our legal vocabulary. This causes some problems of interpretation, on which attention will we drawn.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law on Revolution (12.9 – 10.00)
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. General overview lectures (24 hours)
Topical lectures are complemented by a series of lectures that offer a general overview of schools, authors and arguments in twentieth century and current legal theory. These lectures will be taught by Frank Fleerackers and will take place in the afternoon in the 2nd and 3rd week (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day).
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems (definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Social programme
A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMMODATION and MEALS
Accommodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from Monday 28 August till Saturday September 16th. Earlier arrival is possible subject to prior arrangement. As a rule, the use of the room cannot be extended beyond Sunday 17 September.
However, a room cannot be guaranteed if payment did not reach us before the end of June. Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university.
Prices are between 6 and 9 € for a full meal, including one drink. The welcome lunch on Tuesday 30 August is included.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 750 €. They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accommodation and some limited documentation. Meals are not included. For those who would not need accommodation the fees are 500 €.
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (BIC : GEBABEBB; IBAN : BE93 2100 6807 6167 at the Fortis Bank, Warandeberg 3, 1000 Brussel) of the Katholieke Universi¬teit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning "Summer Course LT", before July 1st. (Payments should be free of all charges to beneficiary). For payments after 1 July accommodation can not be guaranteed.
Brussels
Since 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory has organised a summer course in legal theory. It lasts for three weeks from the end of August until mid-September. Its aim is to present the main schools and arguments in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lack any substantial background in legal theory. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
PROGRAMME
1. Lectures on various topics (2,5 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the lectures on specific topics are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30 noon (including time for questions and discussion), on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, during the three weeks and 2.30 p.m. till 5.00 p.m. on the afternoons during the first week.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Yves CARTUYVELS: Les droits de l'Homme, frein ou facteur de criminalisation ? (29.8 - 14.30)
Les droits de l'homme ont été conçus à la fin du XVIIIe siècle dans une perspective "garantiste" destinée à servir de "bouclier" pour le justiciable dans sa confrontation à la justice pénale étatique. Selon certains, le code pénal pouvait même à certains égards se lire comme "l'envers de la déclaration des droits de l'homme". Aujourd'hui, dans un contexte marqué par le retour de la victime, la fonction des droits de l'homme pourrait bien changer de nature : associée à la fonction "épée" du droit pénal, elle pourrait favoriser une extension de la criminalisation et un durcissement de la pénalité. On s'interrogera sur cette mutation de l'instrumentalisation des droits de l'homme qui pousse à une "criminalisation du monde".
Erik CLAES: Punishment, Human Dignity and the Criminal Law (31.8 – 10.00)
This lecture starts from an analysis of the penal apparatus seen as a complex social phenomenon serving a multiplicity of societal functions. These penal functions, however, are in permanent tension with the basic value of (respect for) human dignity, which brings us to one of the main issues of Criminal Law Theory: to what extent does the Criminal Law possess enough conceptual and normative resources (by means of its principles, concepts) to overcome the aforementioned tension between penal functions, on the one hand, and the value of human dignity on the other ?
Bart DU LAING: Evolutionary Analysis in Law: Towards a New Kind of 'Natural Law'? (16.9 – 10.00)
Law aims at regulating and influencing human behavior. Legal scholarship thus studies in essence human behavior, hence the importance of incorporating evolutionary behavioral models – which provide ultimate explanations for the studied behavior – in theoretical legal analysis. The lecture will provide an overview of the different evolutionary approaches to human behavior and of the ways in which these approaches can be and have been put to use in social sciences as the law.
Christophe EBERHARD: Towards an intercultural Legal Theory - Perspectives from the Anthropology of Law (2.9 - 10.00)(cette conférence peut aussi se donner en français)
Contemporary debates about globalisation, governance and human rights make it more and more clear that the Western concept of Law has to take up the challenges of interculturalism. This is true on the one hand in the field of action. Negating cultural diversity has proved to hinder a successful transfer of Western legal institutions towards the rest of the world - taking into acount non-Western theories and practices thus appears increasingly paramount. The challenge of interculturalism also becomes more and more obvious in the field of theoretical research on law, as the Western character of the current paradigms appears more and more clearly. Anthropology of Law, one of whose aims it is to give a definition of "Law" through a comparison of our diverse cultural experiences can open useful paths to rethink our concept and praxis of Law.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism (8.9 - 10.00)
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analysed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Co-regulation: a New Legal Model for Global Governance?(13.9 – 10.00) (cette conférence peut se donner en anglais ou en français)
Cette conférence présentera les modèles de régulation juridique de l'internet. On prendra pour base de réflexion la régulation des discours de haine dans un contexte marqué par l'opposition des régimes juridiques européen et américain.
Jean-Pierre KILENDA: Etat de droit et normes pénales: entre dogmatisme et pragmatisme (30.8 – 14.30)
Dégagés notamment par L. Fuller et rappelés par F. Ost, certains principes qui forment la substance de l’Etat de droit sont aujourd’hui mis à mal par un certain pragmatisme pénal lors du processus législatif répressif. Ici, la réflexion porte sur le point de savoir si ce pragmatisme est rationnel. Oeuvre-t-il pour la consolidation de l’Etat de droit ou, au contraire, le compromet-il au nom d’autres raisons inavouées ? L’homéostasie des règles de droit n’est-elle pas finalement régressive ? La violation justifiée, calculée, mathématiquement exacte et dosée desdits principes ne comble-t-elle pas en réalité un déficit de légalité mortifère à l’Etat de droit ?
Tels sont les questionnements qui requièrent une réponse à partir de l’analyse de quelques législations pénales modernes gagnées par le courant pragmatique dans la phase de la criminalisation primaire.
Christophe MINCKE: La médiation pénale: résoudre les conflits pénaux sans recours à l'autorité (30.8 – 10.00)
Les procédures de médiation bénéficient d'un engouement sans précédent dans tous les domaines du droit. Le droit pénal n'y échappe pas. On peut cependant s'interroger sur la signification de l'introduction en cette matière d'un mode de résolution des conflits qui fait largement l'économie de la référence à la loi. Assistons-nous à la naissance de modes non autoritaires de résolution des conflits pénaux? La question de la légitimité démocratique de l'intervention répressive se pose-t-elle dans le cas de la médiation pénale? Dans l'affirmative, qu'est-il fait pour la rencontrer?
Paolisa NEBBIA: Tradition and interpretation in law (6.9 – 10.00)
In investigating the nature of law, Krygier (1986) notes that any change - even a radical one- in legislation enters a continuing tradition which probably affected the way in which it was drafted and certainly will affect the ways in which it is read and applied. The lecture seeks to give an example, drawn from contract law, of the inescapability of tradition in drafting and interpreting law. More specifically, the lecture will examine how tradition has affected the implementation and the interpretation of EC Directive 93/13 in two countries where dramatic divergence in legal thinking, values, method, and in the perception of the role of judges in the society entailed, before the Directive, two substantially different forms of unfair terms control.
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats (1.9 – 10.00)
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie (1.9 – 14.30)
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Droits individuels dans le contexte de mondialisation (15.9 – 10.00)
Les mutations du droit au cours du 20ième siècle nécessitent une réconceptualisation des droits individuels. Les paradigmes postmodernes (pragmatisme, décentrement du sujet, pluralisme des rationalités, polycentricité, complexité) ont fortement relativisé les positions initiales et les présupposés philosophique d'une tradition libérale, individualiste. La mondialisation, avec ses paradigmes de 'droit flou', de pluralisme juridique, de modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits, e.a., a comme corollaire nécessaire la société civile (nouveaux acteurs sociaux, gouvernance publique avec des droits individuels à la participation dans l'exercice du pouvoir à différents niveaux)
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration (5.9 – 10.00)
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Luc WINTGENS: Law and religion. From foundation to interaction (9.9 – 10.00)
This seminar focuses on the idea that law is said to be originating in morality and religion, c.q. a religious morality. Secularisation of law and morality includes that the theological foundations are cut of. The vocabulary, however, of religion, is kept intact and serves in our current thought-patterns as points of reference to a reality that is not believed in any more. Despite this loss of faith, the vocabulary of canon law and theology is kept alive in our legal vocabulary. This causes some problems of interpretation, on which attention will we drawn.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law on Revolution (12.9 – 10.00)
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. General overview lectures (24 hours)
Topical lectures are complemented by a series of lectures that offer a general overview of schools, authors and arguments in twentieth century and current legal theory. These lectures will be taught by Frank Fleerackers and will take place in the afternoon in the 2nd and 3rd week (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day).
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems(definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Social programme
A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMMODATION and MEALS
Accommodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from Monday 29 August till Saturday September 17th. Earlier arrival is possible subject to prior arrangement. As a rule, the use of the room cannot be extended beyond Sunday 18 September.
However, a room cannot be guaranteed if payment did not reach us before the end of July.
Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 6 and 9 € for a full meal, including one drink. The welcome lunch on Tuesday 30 August is included.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 650 €. They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accommodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included.
For those who would not need accommodation the fees are 500 €.
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Fortis Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning "Summer Course LT", preferably before July 1st.
For payments after 1 July accommodation can not be guaranteed.
Brussels
As from 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory is organising a Summer Course in legal theory. This course lasts three weeks, from the last week of August till mid September. It aims at presenting the main schools and discussions in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lacked to a large extent legal theory in their legal education. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
PROGRAMME
1. Lectures on various topics (2,5 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the lectures on specific topics are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French). Between brackets the scheduled date and starting hour of these lectures is mentioned. As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30 noon (including time for questions and discussion), on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, during the three weeks and 2.30 p.m. till 5.00 p.m. on the afternoons during the first week.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Yves CARTUYVELS: Naissance de la justice pénale internationale en contexte de mondialisation (26.8 - 14.30)
Les paradigmes du droit pénal moderne sont associés depuis le XVIIIe siècle à la structure de l’Etat. L’émergence de la mondialisation vient aujourd’hui bousculer ce cadre, ce dont témoigne l’émergence d’une justice pénale internationale pour sanctionner les « crimes contre l’humanité ». A partir du procès de 4 rwandais qui s’est déroulé à Bruxelles en mai-juin 2000, c’est aux principaux enjeux de cette évolution que l’on réfléchira.
Christophe EBERHARD: Towards an intercultural Legal Theory - Perspectives from the Anthropology of Law (6.9 - 10.00)
Contemporary debates about globalisation, governance and human rights make it more and more clear that the Western concept of Law has to take up the challenges of interculturalism. This is true on the one hand in the field of action. Negating cultural diversity has proved to hinder a successful transfer of Western legal institutions towards the rest of the world - taking into acount non-Western theories and practices thus appears increasingly paramount. The challenge of interculturalism also becomes more and more obvious in the field of theoretical research on law, as the Western character of the current paradigms appears more and more clearly. Anthropology of Law, one of whose aims it is to give a definition of "Law" through a comparison of our diverse cultural experiences can open useful paths to rethink our concept and praxis of Law.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism (2.9 - 10.00)
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analysed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Internet Law (26.8 – 10.00)
Cette conférence présentera les modèles de régulation juridique de l'internet. On prendra pour base de réflexion la régulation des discours de haine dans un contexte marqué par l'opposition des régimes juridiques européen et américain.
Nidhi GUPTA: An Introduction to Feminist Legal Theory (6.9 – 10.00)
Feminist legal theory, as a movement, has seen many ups and downs before it could carve out its own distinctive and specific niche in the legal academics. This seminar is focussed at presenting a comprehensive review of the long journey of this movement. The aim is to bring forth the challenges within as well as the ones in front of this movement. During the discussions the attempt will also be to throw light on cross-cultural perspectives for the contemporary feminist legal theory.
Jean-Pierre KILENDA: Etat de droit et normes pénales: entre dogmatisme et pragmatisme (24.8 – 14.30)
Dégagés notamment par L. Fuller et rappelés par F. Ost, certains principes qui forment la substance de l’Etat de droit sont aujourd’hui mis à mal par un certain pragmatisme pénal lors du processus législatif répressif. Ici, la réflexion porte sur le point de savoir si ce pragmatisme est rationnel. Oeuvre-t-il pour la consolidation de l’Etat de droit ou, au contraire, le compromet-il au nom d’autres raisons inavouées ? L’homéostasie des règles de droit n’est-elle pas finalement régressive ? La violation justifiée, calculée, mathématiquement exacte et dosée desdits principes ne comble-t-elle pas en réalité un déficit de légalité mortifère à l’Etat de droit ?
Tels sont les questionnements qui requièrent une réponse à partir de l’analyse de quelques législations pénales modernes gagnées par le courant pragmatique dans la phase de la criminalisation primaire.
Christophe MINCKE: La médiation pénale: résoudre les conflits pénaux sans recours à l'autorité (24.8 – 10.00)
Les procédures de médiation bénéficient d'un engouement sans précédent dans tous les domaines du droit. Le droit pénal n'y échappe pas. On peut cependant s'interroger sur la signification de l'introduction en cette matière d'un mode de résolution des conflits qui fait largement l'économie de la référence à la loi. Assistons-nous à la naissance de modes non autoritaires de résolution des conflits pénaux? La question de la légitimité démocratique de l'intervention répressive se pose-t-elle dans le cas de la médiation pénale? Dans l'affirmative, qu'est-il fait pour la rencontrer?
Paolisa NEBBIA: Tradition and interpretation in law (31.8 – 10.00)
In investigating the nature of law, Krygier (1986) notes that any change - even a radical one- in legislation enters a continuing tradition which probably affected the way in which it was drafted and certainly will affect the ways in which it is read and applied. The lecture seeks to give an example, drawn from contract law, of the inescapability of tradition in drafting and interpreting law. More specifically, the lecture will examine how tradition has affected the implementation and the interpretation of EC Directive 93/13 in two countries where dramatic divergence in legal thinking, values, method, and in the perception of the role of judges in the society entailed, before the Directive, two substantially different forms of unfair terms control.
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats (27.8 – 10.00)
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie (27.8 – 14.30)
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Justification of Legal Norms in a Pluralistic Society (10.9 – 10.00)
The justification of legal norms in a pluralistic society can only be provided by substantial moral reasons of the social actors concerned. Such a justification cannot be replaced by a procedural justification model. Neo-Pragmatics (H. Putnam, R.Rorty) and Discursive Ethics (J.Habermas) are analysed. According to a pure epistemic stance, legal norms are only valid if their content is acceptable by all persons affected by them, and this by everyone from the perspective of the others. On the contrary, it will be argued that legal norms are justified if prevailing axiological (socio-ethical) arguments are advanced in their favour. This occurs in political discourses and institutionalised legal procedures. The participants accept the result of discours and deliberation not only because it is yielded by rational arguments but also because it corresponds with the participants interests.
Xavier THUNIS: L'écriture du droit: tours et détours de la doctrine juridique (23.8 – 14.30)
La doctrine juridique utilise consciemment ou inconsciemment bon nombre de figures de style et de modes de raisonnement sur lesquels elle ne s'interroge plus assez tant ils sont habituels. Citations, notes de bas de page, titres, préfaces, comparaisons...., tous ces procédés ne sont pas neutres. Ils expriment un certain rapport de la doctrine juridique au langage, manifestent la façon dont elle construit son objet et la position particulière qu'elle occupe au sein de la communauté juridique. De nombreux exemples tirés de la production doctrinale( traités, thèses de doctorat, notes d'observations...) seront fournis à l'appui d'analyses plus théoriques et méthodologiques.
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration (30.8 – 10.00)
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Luc WINTGENS: Law and religion. From foundation to interaction (3.9 – 10.00)
This seminar focuses on the idea that law is said to be originating in morality and religion, c.q. a religious morality. Secularisation of law and morality includes that the theological foundations are cut of. The vocabulary, however, of religion, is kept intact and serves in our current thought-patterns as points of reference to a reality that is not believed in any more. Despite this loss of faith, the vocabulary of canon law and theology is kept alive in our legal vocabulary. This causes some problems of interpretation, on which attention will we drawn.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law on Revolution (9.9 – 10.00)
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. General overview lectures (24 hours)
Topical lectures are complemented by a series of lectures that offer a general overview of schools, authors and discussions in twentieth century legal theory. These lectures will be taught by Frank Fleerackers and will take place in the afternoon in the 2nd and 3rd week (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day).
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems (definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Special sessions
Special sessions will be organised for introducing the participants into research in the field of legal theory, including the use of Internet and databases. A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMODATION and MEALS
Accommodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from Friday 20 August till Monday September 13th. Earlier arrival is possible subject to prior arrangement. As a rule, the use of the room cannot be extended beyond Monday 13 September.
However, a room cannot be guaranteed if payment did not reach us before the end of July.
Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 5 and 8 € for a full meal, including one drink. The welcome lunch on Tuesday 24 August is included.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 650 €. They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accommodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included, except a welcome lunch on Tuesday 24 August and the food offered at an 'Indian night' on Tuesday 7 September.
For those who would not need accommodation the fees are 500 €.
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Fortis Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning "Summer Course LT", preferably before July 1st.
For payments received after 31 July accommodation can not be guaranteed.
As from 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory is organising a Summer Course in legal theory. This course lasts three weeks, from the last week of August till mid September. It aims at presenting the main schools and discussions in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lacked to a large extent legal theory in their legal education. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
PROGRAMME
1. Lectures on various topics (2,5 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the lectures on specific topics are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30 noon (including time for questions and discussion), on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, during the three weeks and 2.30 p.m. till 5.00 p.m. on some afternoons during the first week.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Maurice ADAMS: Philosophical Anthropology and Human Rights
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights encapsulates a strong individualistic view of human beings, a view which is usually associated with philosophical liberalism. This view has recently been strongly criticised by, amongst others, communitarianism. In this lecture this criticism will be discussed, as well as some questions that are raised by it: what value is served by individual freedom? Are human rights necessarily individualistic? Should the mentioned criticism have consequences with regard to our conception of human rights? What value do some alternative conceptions of human rights have?
Yves CARTUYVELS: Naissance de la justice pénale internationale en contexte de mondialisation
Les paradigmes du droit pénal moderne sont associés depuis le XVIIIe siècle à la structure de l’Etat. L’émergence de la mondialisation vient aujourd’hui bousculer ce cadre, ce dont témoigne l’émergence d’une justice pénale internationale pour sanctionner les « crimes contre l’humanité ». A partir du procès de 4 rwandais qui s’est déroulé à Bruxelles en mai-juin 2000, c’est aux principaux enjeux de cette évolution que l’on réfléchira.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analysed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Cyberlaw
Cette conférence présentera les modèles de régulation juridique de l'internet. On prendra pour base de réflexion la régulation des discours de haine dans un contexte marqué par l'opposition des régimes juridiques européen et américain.
Nidhi GUPTA: Feminist Legal Theory
Feminist legal theory, as a movement, has seen many ups and downs before it could carve out its own distinctive and specific niche in the legal academics. This seminar is focussed at presenting a comprehensive review of the long journey of this movement. The aim is to bring forth the challenges within as well as the ones in front of this movement. During the discussions the attempt will also be to throw light on cross-cultural perspectives for the contemporary feminist legal theory.
Paolisa NEBBIA: The Commission and European Integration: betraying the method of comparative law?
Traditionally, the method of comparative law is perceived as being based on comparing solutions rather than rules, words and concepts: the latter are, in themselves, empty shells that require to be analysed in the prospect of the function they perform within a certain legal system and against the background of different legal traditions and legal thinking.
The Commission recently suggested that a common “frame of reference” in contract law should be adopted as an important step towards European integration. The creation of such a “frame of reference” would entail identifying or rather defining a set of common contract principles and terminology, which would then provide common solutions throughout Europe.
Does the modus procedendi of the Commission - picking empty shells to flesh them out with new meanings- run opposite to that of comparative law? Does it deny the spirit and method of comparative law? Can comparative law still bring its contribution to the achievement of legal integration, and to what extent?
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Justification of Legal Norms in a Pluralistic Society
The justification of legal norms in a pluralistic society can only be provided by substantial moral reasons of the social actors concerned. Such a justification cannot be replaced by a procedural justification model. Neo-Pragmatics (H. Putnam, R.Rorty) and Discursive Ethics (J.Habermas) are analized. According to a pure epistemic stance, legal norms are only valid if their content is acceptable by all persons affected by them, and this by everyone from the perspective of the others. On the contrary, it will be argued that legal norms are justified if prevailing axiological (socio-ethical) arguments are advanced in their favour. This occurs in political discourses and institutionalized legal procedures. The participants accept the result of discours and deliberation not only because it is yielded by rational arguments but also because it corresponds with the participant`s interests.
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Massimo VOGLIOTTI: L'oralité dans le droit contemporain
Plusieurs signes semblent confirmer l’hypothèse que le droit contemporain tend à se structurer de plus en plus selon des formes orales d’organisation et de transmission de la pensée. Alors que sur la scène du droit, encombrée par un archipel de textes en augmentation constante, semble se célébrer le triomphe de l’écriture juridique, on est obligé d’enregistrer, en réalité, un phénomène contraire d’affaiblissement progressif du paradigme de l’écriture. L’inflation de textes hétérogènes qui souvent se superposent sans un dessin précis et qui sont soumis à un processus de réécriture continue finit par engendrer une banalisation du Texte juridique et une perte importante de sa force performative. Locutions à la mode telles droit "flou", "mou", "flexible", "soft", "en douceur" ou le succès actuel de modes de raisonnement déformalisés comme la balance des intérêts témoignent du déclin de notre paradigme juridique axé sur le modèle de l’écriture: tout le droit est contenu dans des Textes éminents imposés - directement ou indirectement - par la volonté du Souverain. Cette rupture épistémologique, qui s’est affirmée à partir des codifications modernes, a fini par engendrer un véritable culte pour le Texte, avec ses Vestales (les juges gardiens du sens de mots écrits par un Législateur conçu à l’image d’une divinité toute-puissante) et ses exorcistes-exégètes (la doctrine, chargée de commenter le Texte et de le purifier - sous commande tacite du Législateur - de toutes les impuretés lexicales qui peuvent empêcher la domination de la Lettre sur l’interprète). Le retour d’éléments d’oralité dans le droit contemporain (souligné aussi par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme qui considère le mot "loi" comme englobant le droit écrit et non écrit) déplace l’accent du Texte et de son Auteur vers les interprètes-rhapsodes et le contexte de leur "performance" et finit fatalement par poser des nouvelles questions.
Luc WINTGENS: Legisprudence, a New Theory of Legislation
Legalism a the basic pattern of legal reasoning, both legislative and judicial, is the main cause for the absence of a theory of legislation nowadays. Legisprudence aims to offer, via a critical analysis of legalism, a new framework for the development for a theory of legislation. The principium of law in Modern philosophy is freedom. Freedom as a concept needs concretisation in terms of conceptions. Conceptions of freedom are the ones of the social actors. Conceptions about freedom are the ones that figure in external limitations that is the law. It is shown in this lecture that the philosophical project of Modernity, with Descartes, Hobbes, Rousseau and Kant, aims to provide a rational limitation of freedom in terms of conceptions about freedom, in order to justify the power of the Modern state. Legisprudence, for its part, as a new theory of legislation, provides the framework for a rational choice between conceptions of and conceptions about freedom. Upon that basis, the main principles of legisprudence are presented and rationally argued.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law on Revolution
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. General overview lectures (24 hours)
Topical lectures are complemented by a series of lectures that offer a general overview of schools, authors and discussions in twentieth century legal theory. These lectures will be taught by Frank Fleerackers and will take place in the afternoon in the 2nd and 3rd week (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day).
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems(definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Special sessions
In the first week, special sessions will be organised for introducing the participants into research in the field of legal theory, including the use of Internet and databases. A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMODATION and MEALS
Accommodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from 24 August till September 13th. Earlier arrival is possible subject to prior arrangement. As a rule, the use of the room cannot be extended beyond Sunday 15 September.
However, a room cannot be guaranteed if payment did not reach us before the end of July.
Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 5 and 8 € for a full meal, including one drink.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 625 €. They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accommodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included.
For those who would not need accommodation the fees are 500 €.
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Fortis Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning "Summer Course LT", preferably before July 1st.
For payments after 1 July accommodation can not be guaranteed.
As from 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory is organising a Summer Course in legal theory. This course lasts three weeks, from the last week of August till mid September. It aims at presenting the main schools and discussions in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lacked to a large extent legal theory in their legal education. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
PROGRAMME
1. Morning lectures (2,5 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the morning lectures are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30 noon (including time for questions and discussion), on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Maurice ADAMS: Philosophical Anthropology and Human Rights
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights encapsulates a strong individualistic view of human beings, a view which is usually associated with philosophical liberalism. This view has recently been strongly criticised by, amongst others, communitarianism. In this lecture this criticism will be discussed, as well as some questions that are raised by it: what value is served by individual freedom? Are human rights necessarily individualistic? Should the mentioned criticism have consequences with regard to our conception of human rights? What value do some alternative conceptions of human rights have?
Yves CARTUYVELS: Naissance de la justice pénale internationale en contexte de mondialisation
Les paradigmes du droit pénal moderne sont associés depuis le XVIIIe siècle à la structure de l’Etat. L’émergence de la mondialisation vient aujourd’hui bousculer ce cadre, ce dont témoigne l’émergence d’une justice pénale internationale pour sanctionner les « crimes contre l’humanité ». A partir du procès de 4 rwandais qui s’est déroulé à Bruxelles en mai-juin 2000, c’est aux principaux enjeux de cette évolution que l’on réfléchira.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analyzed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Cyberlaw
Cette conférence présentera les modèles de régulation juridique de l'internet. On prendra pour base de réflexion la régulation des discours de haine dans un contexte marqué par l'opposition des régimes juridiques européen et américain.
Nidhi GUPTA: Feminist Legal Theory
Feminist legal theory, as a movement, has seen many ups and downs before it could carve out its own distinctive and specific niche in the legal academics. This seminar is focussed at presenting a comprehensive review of the long journey of this movement. The aim is to bring forth the challenges within as well as the ones in front of this movement. During the discussions the attempt will also be to throw light on cross-cultural perspectives for the contemporary feminist legal theory.
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Justification of Legal Norms in a Pluralistic Society
The justification of legal norms in a pluralistic society can only be provided by substantial moral reasons of the social actors concerned. Such a justification cannot be replaced by a procedural justification model. Neo-Pragmatics (H. Putnam, R.Rorty) and Discursive Ethics (J.Habermas) are analized. According to a pure epistemic stance, legal norms are only valid if their content is acceptable by all persons affected by them, and this by everyone from the perspective of the others. On the contrary, it will be argued that legal norms are justified if prevailing axiological (socio-ethical) arguments are advanced in their favour. This occurs in political discourses and institutionalized legal procedures. The participants accept the result of discours and deliberation not only because it is yielded by rational arguments but also because it corresponds with the participant`s interests.
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Massimo VOGLIOTTI: L'oralité dans le droit contemporain
Plusieurs signes semblent confirmer l’hypothèse que le droit contemporain tend à se structurer de plus en plus selon des formes orales d’organisation et de transmission de la pensée. Alors que sur la scène du droit, encombrée par un archipel de textes en augmentation constante, semble se célébrer le triomphe de l’écriture juridique, on est obligé d’enregistrer, en réalité, un phénomène contraire d’affaiblissement progressif du paradigme de l’écriture. L’inflation de textes hétérogènes qui souvent se superposent sans un dessin précis et qui sont soumis à un processus de réécriture continue finit par engendrer une banalisation du Texte juridique et une perte importante de sa force performative. Locutions à la mode telles droit "flou", "mou", "flexible", "soft", "en douceur" ou le succès actuel de modes de raisonnement déformalisés comme la balance des intérêts témoignent du déclin de notre paradigme juridique axé sur le modèle de l’écriture: tout le droit est contenu dans des Textes éminents imposés - directement ou indirectement - par la volonté du Souverain. Cette rupture épistémologique, qui s’est affirmée à partir des codifications modernes, a fini par engendrer un véritable culte pour le Texte, avec ses Vestales (les juges gardiens du sens de mots écrits par un Législateur conçu à l’image d’une divinité toute-puissante) et ses exorcistes-exégètes (la doctrine, chargée de commenter le Texte et de le purifier - sous commande tacite du Législateur - de toutes les impuretés lexicales qui peuvent empêcher la domination de la Lettre sur l’interprète). Le retour d’éléments d’oralité dans le droit contemporain (souligné aussi par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme qui considère le mot "loi" comme englobant le droit écrit et non écrit) déplace l’accent du Texte et de son Auteur vers les interprètes-rhapsodes et le contexte de leur "performance" et finit fatalement par poser des nouvelles questions.
Luc WINTGENS: Legisprudence, a New Theory of Legislation
Legalism a the basic pattern of legal reasoning, both legislative and judicial, is the main cause for the absence of a theory of legislation nowadays. Legisprudence aims to offer, via a critical analysis of legalism, a new framework for the development for a theory of legislation. The principium of law in Modern philosophy is freedom. Freedom as a concept needs concretisation in terms of conceptions. Conceptions of freedom are the ones of the social actors. Conceptions about freedom are the ones that figure in external limitations that is the law. It is shown in this lecture that the philosophical project of Modernity, with Descartes, Hobbes, Rousseau and Kant, aims to provide a rational limitation of freedom in terms of conceptions about freedom, in order to justify the power of the Modern state. Legisprudence, for its part, as a new theory of legislation, provides the framework for a rational choice between conceptions of and conceptions about freedom. Upon that basis, the main principles of legisprudence are presented and rationally argued.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law on Revolution
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. Afternoon lectures (24 hours)
The afternoon lectures (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day, except Wednesday) take place in the 2nd and 3rd week and offer a general overview of schools, authors and discussions in twentieth century legal theory.
These lectures will be taught by Frank Fleerackers.
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems (definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Special sessions
In the first week and/or on Wednesdays, special sessions will be organised for introducing the participants into research in the field of legal theory, including the use of Internet and databases. A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMODATION and MEALS
Accomodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from 26 August till September 13th. Earlier arrival is possible subject to prior arrangement. As a rule, the use of the room cannot be extended beyond Sunday 15 September.
Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 5 and 8 € for a full meal, including one drink.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 625 €. They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accomodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included.
For those who would not need accomodation the fees are 500 €.
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Fortis Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning "Summer Course LT".
As from 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory is organising a Summer Course in legal theory. This course lasts four weeks in September. It aims at presenting the main schools and discussions in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lacked to a large extent legal theory in their legal education. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
PROGRAMME
1. Morning lectures (2,5 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the morning lectures are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30 noon (including time for questions and discussion), on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Maurice ADAMS: Philosophical Anthropology and Human Rights
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights encapsulates a strong individualistic view of human beings, a view which is usually associated with philosophical liberalism. This view has recently been strongly criticised by, amongst others, communitarianism. In this lecture this criticism will be discussed, as well as some questions that are raised by it: what value is served by individual freedom? Are human rights necessarily individualistic? Should the mentioned criticism have consequences with regard to our conception of human rights? What value do some alternative conceptions of human rights have?
Yves CARTUYVELS: Transformations dans le champ du pénal: entre une éthique de la communication et une pragmatique de la gestion
Le champ pénal est traversé aujourd’hui par l’irruption de nouveaux modes de prévention et de gestion des conflits (prévention partenariale, médiation pénale, travail d’intérêt général, ...). Comment, dans le contexte actuel d’un glissement en Europe de ‘l’Etat social’ vers un ‘Etat de contrôle’, interpréter ce mouvement ? Faut-il y voir l’emblème d’un nouveau modèle de justice à vocation ‘restauratrice’ (restorative justice), destiné à modifier l’économie du champ pénal tout entier, ou le cache-sexe légitimateur d’une extension de la logique pénale à de nouveaux contentieux dans une perspective gestionnaire de ‘réduction des risques’ ?
Christoph EBERHARD: Droits de l’homme et anthropologie culturelle du Droit. Vers une approche dialogale et interculturelle
Le monde contemporain, où les droits de l’homme constituent un horizon pour la « bonne vie », est marqué par des phénomènes de globalisation se doublant d’une pluripolarisation du monde. Aborder les droits de l’homme dans la perspective d’une anthropologie du Droit dont l’exigence fondamentale est de toujours ramener les discours et les pratiques juridiques aux logiques et aux visions du monde qui les sous-tendent permet de dépasser le paradigme universalisme / relativisme et une logique d’opposition des contraires pour s’engager dans les voies d’un pluralisme sain et d’une logique de complémentarité des différences. Une telle approche permet en outre de mettre en perspective le problème du fossé entre théories et pratiques et de poser quelques jalons pour les rapprocher. Pour ceci, il est nécessaire de compléter l’approche anthropologique classique placée sous le signe de l’altérité par une démarche processuelle et dynamique permettant de rentrer dans la complexité des situations.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analyzed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: La société civile et le droit
Puissance montante de la scène politique tant nationale qu'internationale, la société civile joue un rôle chaque jour plus important dans l'élaboration et l'application des règles de droit. La conférence a pour objet de définir le statut de cette société civile dans l'ordre constitutionnel et de le confronter aux réalités de la pratique.
Nidhi GUPTA: Postmodernism and Feminist Legal Theory
Having emerged mainly in two waves, first in mid-nineteenth century and followed by the second wave in the late 1960's, the feminist movement has been successful in challenging the legal discourse in various ways. An important point of departure for the feminist legal theory can be considered to be its association with the Critical Legal Studies movement. The postmodern feminism has close connection with this movement.
The Post-modern feminism with its denial of general abstract theories does not offer a single solution to the oppression of women. It emphasises on the contextual judgements that recognise and accommodate the particularities of the human experience.
This lecture is focussed on the discussion of most-modern feminism and its account of differences and particularities of experience. Then major points of discussion will be:
General Introduction about Feminist Legal Theory
Claims of post-modern Feminism
Challenges for Post Modern Feminism
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Herméneutique philosophique et herméneutique juridique
Le thème "Herméneutique philosophique et herméneutique juridique" englobe la présentation des courants philosophiques traditionnels (Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger) et contemporains (Gadamer, Adorno, Ricoeur, Eco, Vattimo, Grondin) dans
l’herméneutique et leurs incidences sur l’interprétation de textes juridiques. Les problèmes suivants seront envisagés:
Notion de l’interprétation: la situation herméneutique
Langage, connaissance constructiviste de la réalité sociale et vérité
Interprétation et discours politico-juridique
Interprétation du droit et interprétation des faits
L’agir communicationnel et la construction épistémologique de la réalité juridique
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Massimo VOGLIOTTI: La justice pénale en transit
L'accélération du temps et la complexification de l'espace dans nos sociétés contemporaines sont à l'origine d'un phénomène, de plus en plus évident, de prolifération d'anomalies et de paradoxes au sein du paradigme avec lequel on explique, officiellement, le fonctionnement de la justice pénale. Face à cette crise du modèle traditionnel, on peut réagir avec des mesures visant à corriger les déviations de la praxis afin de restaurer le vieux paradigme. Cette stratégie, toutefois, semble être vouée à l'échec, car ses remèdes, au lieu d'apporter des solutions efficaces, ressemblent plutôt à des hypothèses ad hoc, causes, à leur tour, de nouvelles anomalies. Il semblerait, ainsi, plus fécond de se demander, au contraire, si cette configuration du champ pénal ne laisse pas entrevoir l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law and Revolution
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. Afternoon lectures (45 hours)
The afternoon lectures (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day, except Wednesday) offer a general overview of schools, authors and discussions in twentieth century legal theory.
These lectures will be taught by Frank Fleerackers.
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems (definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Special sessions
On Wednesdays, special sessions will be organised for introducing the participants into research in the field of legal theory, including the use of Internet and databases. A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMODATION and MEALS
Accomodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from September 1st till 30th.
Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 200 and 300 BEF for a full meal, including one drink.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 625 Euro (25.000 BEF). They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accomodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included.
For those who would not need accomodation the fees are 500 Euro (20.000 BEF).
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Generale Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning Summer Course LT.
As from 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory is organising a summer course in legal theory. This course lasts four weeks in September. It aims at presenting the main schools and discussions in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lacked to a large extent legal theory in their legal education. It combines lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
Fees are 625 Euro or 25.000 BEF, including accomodation.
All academic activities take place at the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels (Koekelberg) (tel.: +32 (0)2 412 42 11; fax: 412 42 00)
Depuis 1999 l’Académie européenne de théorie du droit organise un cours d’été en théorie du droit. Ce cours est étalé sur quatre semaines, pendant le mois de septembre. Il vise à présenter les courants et les discussions dans la théorie du droit à un public de juristes et d’étudiants en droit qui n’ont pas, ou presque pas, eu un tel enseignement dans leur études de droit. Le cours consiste principalement en une série de conférences, qui sera complémentée par une lecture recommandée et par des discussions sur des thèmes actuels.
Les frais d’inscription s’élèvent à 625 Euro ou 25.000 Fb. Le logement est inclus dans ce montant.
Les activités académiques ont lieu à la Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, 17 avenue de la liberté, B-1081 Bruxelles (Koekelberg)
PROGRAMME
1. Morning lectures (2.30 hours each, break included)
Hereafter, the title and content of the morning lectures are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.30, on Mondays,Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays (some lectures may start at 9.30, some may last until 1.00 p.m. At least one hour will be available for discussion
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Maurice ADAMS: Anthropology and Human Rights
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights encapsulates a strong individualistic view of human beings, a view which is usually associated with philosophical liberalism. This view has recently been strongly criticized by, amongst others, communitarianism. In this lecture this criticism will be discussed, as well as some questions that are raised by it: what value is served by individual freedom? Are human rights necessarily individualistic? Should the mentioned criticism have consequences with regard to our conception of human rights? What value do some alternative conceptions of human rights have?
Yves CARTUYVELS: Utilitarisme et raison pénale: la formation de la rationalité pénale moderne
A partir des travaux de C.Beccaria et de l'étude des premiers codes pénaux de l'Europe des Lumières, il s'agit de réfléchir aux fondements 'formels' et 'substantiels' du droit pénal moderne. En ce qui concerne la forme, le 'code' apparaît comme le nouveau vecteur d'un modèle de droit étatique 'légal-rationnel' (Weber) qui s'impose au XVIIIe siècle sur les décombres du droit éclaté de l'Ancien Régime. Ce modèle est aujourd'hui remis en cause à une époque volontiers qualifiée de 'post-moderne'. Sur le fond, le projet des 'lumières pénales' introduit une nouvelle pénologie humaniste et utilitariste dont on cherchera à cerner les enjeux principaux.
Frank FLEERACKERS: Democracy and Legal Education: Jurisprudence Revisited
The lecture's main argument presents an analysis of political liberalism with regard to the way democratic institutions and procedures may or may not uphold social peace. Research on present-day jurisprudence suggests adherence to a rationalised framework as a structural predisposition for societal and legal certainty. However, it is argued that the ideal of public reason (Rawls) and its rationalised, procedural framework fail to establish political and legal awareness as a means to control competing private convictions and their effects on human actions. Pragmatism's emphasis on democracy and education (Dewey) resurfaces as a comtemporary alternative to the liberalism-communitarianism debate, highlighting casuistry and conflict analysis in an emphatical approach of legal education and legal reasoning.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analyzed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Droit et démocratie
L'exposé invitera à repenser le statut d'un Droit légitime et effectif en prise sur nos sociétés démocratiques contemporaines. Dans le cadre d'une théorie générale de la société, nous examinerons plusieurs hypothèses sur les fonctions de médiation assurées par le droit entre le système économique, le système politico-administratif et la société civile. Nous tenterons de comparer et de confronter, sur cette question, les positions concurrentes développées par Habermas, Luhmann et l'école économique de Chicago.
Simon JOLLY: The European Family and Legal Theory - Happy Union or Messy Divorce?
Before the harmonisation of family law in Europe can be seriously considered, the legal-theoretical conceptualisation of the family must be addressed. This lecture will examine some of the problematics within the relationship between legal theory and the family. The difficulties of conceiving of the family as a legal actor will be examined, together with the problems posed for law and legal theory by the family's changing focus away from marriage, and towards the parent-child relationship. Finally, the lecture will consider the ramifications of differing models of the family within Europe for legal theory and harmonisation of family law.
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Herméneutique philosophique et herméneutique juridique
Le thème "Herméneutique philosophique et herméneutique juridique" englobe la présentation des courants philosophiques traditionnels (Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger) et contemporains (Gadamer, Adorno, Ricoeur, Eco, Vattimo, Grondin) dans l’herméneutique et leurs incidences sur l’interprétation de textes juridiques. Les problèmes suivants seront envisagés:
Notion de l’interprétation: la situation herméneutique
Langage, connaissance constructiviste de la réalité sociale et vérité
Interprétation et discours politico-juridique
Interprétation du droit et interprétation des faits
L’agir communicationnel et la construction épistémologique de la réalité juridique
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, the autonomy of law, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Massimo VOGLIOTTI: La justice pénale en crise d'identité
L'accélération du temps et la complexification de l'espace dans nos sociétés contemporaines sont à l'origine d'un phénomène, de plus en plus évident, de multiplication d'anomalies et de paradoxes au sein du paradigme avec lequel on explique, officiellement, le fonctionnement de la justice pénale (notamment, le monopole de la loi étatique, le principe de stricte légalité, une conception pyramidale de l'espace normatif et une temporalité axée sur un futur maîtrisé). Comme l'expliquait T. Kuhn à propos de la phase de transition d'un paradigme à un autre, face à cette crise du modèle traditionnel, on peut réagir avec des mesures - appartenant au même modèle - dans le but de corriger les déviations de la pratique sans renoncer au paradigme ancien. Cette stratégie de restauration, toutefois, semble être vouée à l'échec, car ces remèdes, au lieu d'apporter des solutions stables, jouent plutôt le rôle d'hypothèses ad hoc, causes, à leur tour, de nouvelles anomalies. Il semblerait, ainsi, plus fécond de prendre au sérieux les défis de la pratique et de se demander, par conséquent, si cette nouvelle configuration du champ pénal ne laisse pas entrevoir l'émergence d'un paradigme nouveau.
Luc WINTGENS: Citizenship in the European Union. From Rousseau to Habermas and to the 21st Century
The lecture focuses on Habermas’ concept of "Constitutional Patriotism" (Verfassungspatriotismus) as it was developed in his Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, Cambridge (MA), 1996. Since Habermas relies on the work of Rousseau, of which he propose to give a new interpretation, we will try to find the traces of "Constitutional Patriotism" in Rousseau’s The Social Contract. A short comparison of the work of both authors provides us with new questions for working out new ideas on citizenship.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law and Revolution
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. Afternoon lectures (45 hours)
The afternoon lectures (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day, except Wednesday) offer a general overview of schools, authors and discussions in twentieth century legal theory.
These lectures will mainly be taught by Luc Wintgens and partly by Frank Fleerackers.
The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems (definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Special sessions
On Wednesdays, special sessions will be organised for introducing the participants into research in the field of legal theory, including the use of Internet and databases.
A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMODATION and MEALS
Accomodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from September 1st till 30th.
Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 200 and 300 BEF for a full meal, including one drink.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 625 Euro (25.000 BEF). They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accomodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included.
For those who would not need accomodation the fees are 500 Euro (20.000 BEF).
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Generale Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning >Summer Course LT.
As from 1999 the European Academy of Legal Theory will be organising a summer course in legal theory. This course will last four weeks in September. It aims at presenting the main schools and discussions in legal theory to lawyers or law students who lacked to a large extent legal theory in their legal education. It will combine lectures with recommended readings and discussions on topics of current interest.
Fees are 625 Euro or 25.000 BEF, including accomodation.
COURS D'ETE EN THEORIE DU DROIT
A partir de 1999 l'Académie européenne de théorie du droit organisera un cours d'été en théorie du droit. Ce cours sera étalé sur quatre semaines, pendant le mois de septembre. Il vise à présenter les courants et les discussions dans la théorie du droit à un public de juristes et d'étudiants en droit qui n'ont pas, ou presque pas, eu un tel enseignement dans leur études de droit. Le cours consistera principalement en une série de conférences, qui sera complémentée par une lecture recommandée et par des discussions sur des thèmes actuels.
Les frais d'inscription s?élèvent à 625 Euro ou 25.000 Fb. Le logement est inclus dans ce montant.
PROGRAMME
1. Morning lectures (2 hours each)
Hereafter, the title and content of the morning lectures are given in the language which will be used for teaching (English or French).
As a rule, teaching hours will be 10.00 a.m. till 12.00 noon, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.
These lectures are meant to be basic. No preliminary reading of texts is required.
Yves CARTUYVELS: Transformations dans le champ du pénal: entre une éthique de la communication et une pragmatique de la gestion
Le champ pénal est traversé aujourd’hui par l’irruption de nouveaux modes de prévention et de gestion des conflits (prévention partenariale, médiation pénale, travail d’intérêt général, ...). Comment, dans le contexte actuel d’un glissement en Europe de ‘l’Etat social’ vers un ‘Etat de contrôle’, interpréter ce mouvement ? Faut-il y voir l’emblème d’un nouveau modèle de justice à vocation ‘restauratrice’ (restorative justice), destiné à modifier l’économie du champ pénal tout entier, ou le cache-sexe légitimateur d’une extension de la logique pénale à de nouveaux contentieux dans une perspective gestionnaire de ‘réduction des risques’ ?
Frank FLEERACKERS: Alternative Dispute Resolution: Analysis of Legal Reasoning
The lecture will focus on alternative dispute resolution as a means to analyse rationalising aspects of legal reasoning. If law is to be understood as an instrument for conflict resolution and regulation in a community of individuals, an analysis of conflict solving strategies may clarify the nature of rationalising legal strategies and their efficiency. As such, the lecture offers a critical survey of prominent scholarship on dispute resolution and game theory.
René FOQUE: Judicial activism
Much has been said and much has been written about the extensive and increasing use of judicial decision-making as an instrument of political, moral or socio-economic reform. Can the interpretative role of the judiciary bring the judge in the position of a (quasi)legislator ? How far can the judge go in the exercise of his discretion when he has to interpret the law in order to make the law more responsive to the changing context of society ? These questions will be analyzed in the perspective of Montesquieu's classical theory of the balance of powers as a necessary condition for a moderate - democratic - legal order.
Benoît FRYDMAN: Droit et démocratie
L'exposé invitera à repenser le statut d'un Droit légitime et effectif en prise sur nos sociétés démocratiques contemporaines. Dans le cadre d'une théorie générale de la société, nous examinerons plusieurs hypothèses sur les fonctions de médiation assurées par le droit entre le système économique, le système politico-administratif et la société civile. Nous tenterons de comparer et de confronter, sur cette question, les positions concurrentes développées par Habermas, Luhmann et l'école économique de Chicago.
Simon JOLLY: The European Family and Legal Theory: Happy Union or Messy Divorce ?
Before the harmonisation of family law in Europe can be seriously considered, the legal-theoretical conceptualisation of the family must be addressed. This lecture will examine some of the problematics within the relationship between legal theory and the family. The difficulties of conceiving of the family as a legal actor will be examined, together with the problems posed for law and legal theory by the family's changing focus away from marriage, and towards the parent-child relationship. Finally, the lecture will consider the ramifications of differing models of the family within Europe for legal theory and harmonisation of family law.
François OST: Droit et littérature. L'exemple du droit des contrats
Le courant Droit et littérature représente une nouvelle manière, originale, de faire de la théorie du droit. Il est en plein développement, notamment aux Etats-Unis. Ce courant se propose d'explorer les différents types de rapport qui s'établissent entre le droit, la langue et la littérature (droit dans la littérature, droit et littérature, droit comme littérature, droit de la littérature). On se propose d'explorer un exemple de la première perspective à propos de la question du temps dans le contrat. Le point de départ de l'analyse sera fourni par l'étude du Marchand de Venise de Shakespeare et du Faust de Goethe.
Pierre-Arnaud PERROUTY: Désobéissance et démocratie
Au départ de la prétention du droit à un caractère universel et obligatoire, on analysera le rapport dialectique entre obéissance et désobéissance à la loi: quelles sont les raisons qui fondent notre obéissance, quelles en sont les limites et quelles sont les tensions entre ces raisons et la liberté individuelle ? On pourra alors tenter de préciser le concept de désobéissance civile, d'en rechercher le fondement (juridique, moral, politique ?) et d'en évaluer la place au sein de la société démocratique.
Valentin PETEV: Herméneutique philosophique et herméneutique juridique
Le thème "Herméneutique philosophique et herméneutique juridique" englobe la présentation des courants philosophiques traditionnels (Scleiermacher, Dilthey, Hegel, Nietsche, Heidegger) et contemporains (Gadamer, Adarno, Ricoeur, Eco, Vattimo, Grondin) dans Herméneutique et leurs incidences sur l'interpretention de textes juridiques. Les problèmes suivant seront envisagés:
1) Notin de l'interprétation: la situation herméneutique
2) Langage, connaissance constructiviste de la réalité sociale et vérité
3) Interprétation et discours politico-juridique
4) Interprétation du droit et interprétation des faits
5) L'agir communicationnel et la construction épistémologique de la réalité juridique
Alain STROWEL: Analyse économique du droit: l'exemple des droits intellectuels
L'analyse économique du droit est un courant de théorie du droit fort développé aux Etats-unis (sous l'appellation "Law and Economics") et une méthode d'étude des règles juridiques sous l'angle de leurs conséquences en terme d'efficacité économique. En tant que théorie du droit, le mouvement du "Law and Economics" repose sur une série de présupposées qui trouvent leur origine dans l'utilitarisme anglais. Ces hypothèses souvent restrictives méritent d'ëtre examinées et critiquées. L'analyse économique du droit offre néamoins un éclairage nouveau sur certaines institutions juridiques, ce que l'on peut illustrer par l'analyse économique des droits de propriété intellectuele.
Sébastien VAN DROOGHENBROECK: Heurs et malheurs du principe de proportionnalité
Le principe de proportionnalité est unanimement reconnu comme un puissant promoteur de l’effectivité des droits de l’homme. Au départ de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme cependant, il apparaît que ce même principe constitue, paradoxalement, une grande menace pour cette effectivité, dès lors qu’il met en péril la sécurité juridique qui en est un pilier essentiel.
Mark VAN HOECKE: European Legal Integration
Some theoretical problems of comparative law, as related to the harmonisation of private law in Europe, will be discussed. It will be shown how an insight into traditional problems of legal theory (definition and structure of legal systems, nature and structure of norms, etc.) is needed for the discussion on such a process of legal integration. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the different possible roads towards a harmonisation of private law in Europe (legal science or legal practice, legislation or judge made law, etc..).
Luc WINTGENS: Citizenship in the European Union. From Rousseau to Habermas and the 21st century
The lecture focuses on Habermas’ concept of "Constitutional Patriotism" (Verfassungspatriotismus) as it was developed in his Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, Cambridge (MA), 1996. Since Habermas relies on the work of Rousseau, of which he propose to give a new interpretation, we will try to find the traces of "Constitutional Patriotism" in Rousseau’s The Social Contract. A short comparison of the work of both authors provides us with new questions for working out new ideas on citizenship.
Ahmed ZIAUDDIN: Law and Revolution
The lecture will start with brief reviews of general principles on norms, hierarchy of norms, basic norms, etc. This will then be followed by a general introduction to the breakdown of legal orders, either through revolution or otherwise, and to how the process has to be resolved in law. A number of concrete examples of revolution or breakdown will be used to illustrate the principles and problems involved.
2. Afternoon lectures (45 hours)
The afternoon lectures (2.30 - 4.00 and 4.30 - 6.00 p.m., every working day, except Wednesday) offer a general overview of schools, authors and discussions in twentieth century legal theory. These lectures will mainly be taught by Luc Wintgens and partly by Frank Fleerackers. The teaching language will be English.
The purpose of the course is to provide a general overview of the field of jurisprudence in 20th century. Therefore, its focus on general problems (definition, scope and methods of legal theory; natural law and positivism; legalism), specific fields and schools (the Pure Theory of Law, American and Scandinavian Realism, Critical Legal Studies, Law and Economics, argumentation and legitimation) as well as on the work of leading scholars in jurisprudence (including Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin, Raz, Aarnio, Alexy, e.a.)
3. Special sessions
On Wednesdays, special sessions will be organised for introducing the participants into research in the field of legal theory, including the use of Internet and databases.
A social programme will also be worked out, partly depending on the number of participants in the summer course and their interests.
ACCOMODATION and MEALS
Accomodation will be provided for all participants, in the neighbourhood of the university. The fees include the rent for the room from September 1st till 30th. Breakfast is not served.
For lunch and/or dinner meal tickets are available for various kinds of restaurants in the immediate neighbourhood of the university. Prices are between 200 and 300 BEF for a full meal, including one drink.
FEES
The fees for the summer course are 625 Euro (25.000 BEF). They include access to the lectures and special sessions, to the library and computer facilities, accomodation and some limited documentation.
Meals are not included.
Fees have to be paid on the account 210-0680761-67 (at the Generale Bank) of the Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Vrijheidslaan 17, B-1081 Brussels, mentioning ?Summer Course LT?.